The implications of serum enzymes and coagulation activities in postinfarction myocardial / As implicações de enzimas séricas e atividades de coagulação em ruptura cardíaca pós-infarto do miocárdio

OBJECTIVE: Associations between cardiovascular diseases and serum enzymes or coagulation activities have been sufficiently documented in patients with myocardial infarction. However, the alterations of these biomarkers in patients with postinfarction myocardial rupture have rarely been reported. The aim of this study is to present the profiles of the markers in patients with postinfarction myocardial rupture. METHODS: From 2004 to 2008, 19 consecutive patients were referred to this hospital for surgical repair of postinfarction myocardial rupture. Eight (42.1%) patients had free wall rupture, 5 (26.3%) had papillary muscle rupture, 5 (26.3%) had ventricular septal rupture, and 1 (5.3%) had double structure (ventricular septum + free wall) rupture. Thirteen patients survived the operation, and 6 died. Laboratory findings including serum enzymes and coagulation activities were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The coagulation markers and serum enzymes except for fibrinogen increased significantly after the development of myocardial rupture. Statistical differences in D-dimer, partial thromboplastin time, peak lactate dehydrogenase, peak creatine kinase and creatine kinase fraction MB were found between non-survivors and survivors. Troponin I values were elevated significantly during the early days after the onset or surgical repair of myocardial rupture. Multivariant regression analysis did not show any significant relationship between creatine phosphokinase fraction MB (Y) and D-dimer (X1) or fibrinogen (X2). CONCLUSION: Myocardial rupture leads to extremely high serum enzyme and coagulation activities except for fibrinogen after the onset. The evaluation of these biomarkers may help in making diagnostic and treatment decisions and in judging the clinical prognosis of such patients.

OBJETIVO: As associações entre doenças cardiovasculares e enzimas sorológicas ou atividades de coagulação foram amplamente documentadas em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio. No entanto, as alterações destes biomarcadores em pacientes com ruptura cardíaca após infarto do miocárdio foram raramente relatadas. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o perfil dos biomarcadores em pacientes com ruptura cardíaca após infarto do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: De 2004 a 2008, 19 pacientes consecutivos foram referidos a este hospital para correção cirúrgica de ruptura cardíaca após infarto do miocárdio. Oito (42,1%) pacientes tiveram ruptura livre de parede, cinco (26,3%) ruptura de músculo papilar, cinco (26,3%) ruptura do septo interventricular e um (5,3%) ruptura dupla de estruturas, envolvendo tanto septo ventricular como parede livre. Treze pacientes sobreviveram à operação e seis faleceram. Amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas e analisadas para mensuração de enzimas sorológicas e atividade de coagulação. RESULTADOS: Os marcadores de coagulação e enzimas com exceção de fibrinogênio aumentaram significativamente depois do desenvolvimento da ruptura do miocárdio. Diferenças estatísticas foram achadas entre não-sobreviventes e sobreviventes em relação a concentração de dímeros-D, tempo de trombina, pico de lactato desidrogenase, creatinoquinase máximo e fração MB da creatinoquinase. Os valores de troponina I foram elevados significativamente durante os primeiros dias depois do infarto ou do reparo cirúrgico da ruptura do miocárdio. A análise de regressão multivariada não mostrou qualquer relação significativa entre fração MB da creatinoquinase e dímeros-D nem fibrinogênio. CONCLUSÕES: A ruptura do miocárdio induz importante elevação de marcadores enzimáticos e de atividade de coagulação, exceto fibrinogênio. As diferenças nestes biomarcadores entre não-sobreviventes e sobreviventes podem ser de grande ajuda no diagnóstico e nas decisões de tratamento, assim como na avaliação do prognóstico clínico de tais pacientes.

The bicuspid aortic valve and its relation to aortic dilation

BACKGROUND: A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital heart disease, which affects 1-2 percent of the population. However, the relationship between BAVs and aortic dilation has not been sufficiently elucidated. METHODS: A total of 241 BAV patients who were referred to this hospital for cardiac surgey over a 4.75-year period were included in this study. In addition to the clinical characteristics of the included patients, the morphological features of the aortic valve and aorta, the length of the left main coronary artery, and the laboratory findings (the coagulation and hematological parameters as well as the total cholesterol concentration) were determined and compared with those of the tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients. RESULTS: The BAV patients were younger than the TAV patients for a valve surgery in the last 3 months of the study period. The BAV patients were predominantly male. Most of the BAVs that were surgically treated were stenotic, regurgitant, or combined, and only 19 (7.88 percent) were normally functioning valves. According to echocardiography or operative records, 148 (78.31 percent) were type A, 31 (16.40 percent) were type B, and 10 (5.29 percent) were type C. The left main coronary artery was much shorter in the BAV patients than it was in the TAV patients. There was no significant difference between BAV and TAV patients in the total cholesterol concentrations; whereas differences were noted between patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy and those not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. The dimensions of the aortic root, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta were beyond normal limits, while they were significantly smaller in the BAV patients than in the TAV patients. They were also much smaller in patients receiving statin therapy than those not receiving statin therapy in both groups. Moreover, the aortic dilation in the BAV group was found to be significantly associated with patient age. CONCLUSIONS: ...